This is a quick and informative discussion to help you better understand the heating & cooling process.
Heating
Furnaces
A Residential Furnace keeps your home warm during the cold months, and can be an integral part of a
central air conditioning and/or indoor air quality system.
The basic components of a furnace system are:
- A burner, through which gas (natural or propane) or oil is delivered and burned.
- A heat exchanger, where heat produced from the burning gas is passed to the air distribution system.
- Ductwork to transfer the heated air throughout the home.
- A flue or vent pipe, to exhaust byproducts of combustion (such as water vapor and carbon dioxide) to the outside.
The efficiency of a furnace is rated using a percent of AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency)
A gas furnace uses natural gas, although some models can be converted to utilize propane. An oil
furnace uses heating oil. An electricity source is required to run the control systems, blower and some
accessories.
Single Packages
A Residential Single Package System is an all-season comfort system in which all equipment is self-
contained in one unit and installed outdoors, typically on a concrete slab or other platform.
In the summer, a single package system provides the comfort of central air conditioning. During the
colder months, the unit provides heat. Essentially, it is an air conditioner and heating unit in a single
package, hence the name.
Models are available using:
- Electricity for resistance heating and cooling.
- Gas for heating and electricity for cooling.
- Heat pump models using electricity.
The efficiency of single packages are rated for cooling efficiency using SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency
Ratio); for gas heating efficiency using AFUE% (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency); and for heat pump
efficiency using HSPF (Heating Seasonal Performance Factor).
Ductwork is required to transfer the heated or cooled air throughout the home.
Cooling
Central Air Conditioning
A Residential Split System Central Air Conditioning system keeps your entire home cool in the warmer
months, while it helps lower indoor humidity levels.
System elements include a compressor, a fan, condenser coil, evaporator coil, and a refrigerant.
The unit extracts heat from indoor air and transfers it outside, leaving the cooled indoor air to be
re-circulated. The efficiency of central air conditioning systems is shown using SEER ratios (see below).
Three elements make up a central air conditioning system with electricity as its power source. They are:
- An outdoor section (the condensing unit).
- A matching indoor gas or oil furnace with coil, or air handler.
- Ductwork to transfer the cooled air throughout the home.
Electric Heat Pumps
A Residential Split System Heat Pump is a year 'round comfort system. In the summer it draws heat
out of your home to keep it cool, and in the winter it draws heat from outside air into your home to
keep it warm. Many heat pump installations have a electrical resistance booster heater that will
automatically supplement heat brought in from the outside. Outside air always has heat in it - even at
very low outdoor temperatures.
Just as in the central air conditioning system, an electric heat pump includes a compressor, a fan,
outdoor coil, indoor coil, and a refrigerant.
Heat pumps are rated for cooling efficiency using SEER, and for heating efficiency using HSPF.
A heat pump uses electricity as its power source, and requires:
- An outdoor Heat Pump section.
- A matching indoor gas (natural or propane) or oil furnace with coil, or an air handler.
- Ductwork to transfer the heated or cooled air throughout the home.
Air Cleaners and Other Accessories
Home comfort is more than just heating and air conditioning. It also depends on regulating the flow
of heat, eliminating drafts, and improving the quality of the air you breathe.
Electronic and Media Air Filters
Electronic air cleaners can remove up to 95% of airborne dust, pollen, odors, tobacco, and cooking
particles. Advanced passive media filters are up to five times better at cleaning than typical furnace
filters. Both are installed in your home's ductwork, typically adjacent to the furnace or air handler.
Effective filtration systems can help maintain or improve the operating efficiency of heating and cooling
equipment. Operating costs savings have been projected as high as 15% over the life of the system.
Maintenance
- Follow manufacturer's routine maintenance directions.
- Have entire system checked once a year by a qualified service technician.
What Homeowners Can Do:
Check Filters
• Permanent - Clean with mild detergent, per manufacturer's recommendations, every 30 to 60 days.
• Replaceable - Replace every 30 to 60 days.
Windows and Doors
- Keep closed when system is running.
- Caulk and weatherstrip to close air gaps.
- Open drapes and shades over windows facing sun.
Activities
- During cooling season, don't wash/dry clothes during warmest times of day (late morning - afternoon).
- When cooking, use exhaust fan only as needed.
- Keep thermostat at desired setting.




